Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts within the liver. This can lead to blockages in the bile ducts, resulting in damage to the liver over time. PSC is often associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. The exact cause of PSC is unknown, but it is believed to be an immune-mediated disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the bile ducts. Symptoms of PSC can include fatigue, itching, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Diagnosis of PSC typically involves blood tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a liver biopsy. Treatment options for PSC are limited, and focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary. Research into PSC is ongoing, with studies focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease, developing better diagnostic tools, and exploring potential treatments to improve outcomes for patients with PSC.